ISMP Blog: May 2023

An HTTP Request Smuggling / Desync testing tool written in Python 3

IMPORTANT

This tool does not guarantee no false-positives or false-negatives. Just because a mutation may report OK does not mean there isn't a desync issue, but more importantly just because the tool indicates a potential desync issue does not mean there definitely exists one. The script may encounter request processors from large entities (i.e. Google/AWS/Yahoo/Akamai/etc..) that may show false positive results.

Installation

git clone https://github.com/defparam/smuggler.git
cd smuggler
python3 smuggler.py -h

Example Usage

Single Host:

python3 smuggler.py -u <URL>

List of hosts:

cat list_of_hosts.txt | python3 smuggler.py

Options

usage: smuggler.py [-h] [-u URL] [-v VHOST] [-x] [-m METHOD] [-l LOG] [-q]
                   [-t TIMEOUT] [--no-color] [-c CONFIGFILE]

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -u URL, --url URL     Target URL with Endpoint
  -v VHOST, --vhost VHOST
                        Specify a virtual host
  -x, --exit_early      Exit scan on first finding
  -m METHOD, --method METHOD
                        HTTP method to use (e.g GET, POST) Default: POST
  -l LOG, --log LOG     Specify a log file
  -q, --quiet           Quiet mode will only log issues found
  -t TIMEOUT, --timeout TIMEOUT
                        Socket timeout value Default: 5
  --no-color            Suppress color codes
  -c CONFIGFILE, --configfile CONFIGFILE
                        Filepath to the configuration file of payloads

Smuggler at a minimum requires either a URL via the -u/--url argument or a list of URLs piped into the script via stdin. If the URL specifies https:// then Smuggler will connect to the host:port using SSL/TLS. If the URL specifies http:// then no SSL/TLS will be used at all. If only the host is specified, then the script will default to https://

Use -v/--vhost <host> to specify a different host header from the server address

Use -x/--exit_early to exit the scan of a given server when a potential issue is found. In piped mode smuggler will just continue to the next host on the list

Use -m/--method <method> to specify a different HTTP verb from POST (i.e GET/PUT/PATCH/OPTIONS/CONNECT/TRACE/DELETE/HEAD/etc...)

Use -l/--log <file> to write output to file as well as stdout

Use -q/--quiet reduce verbosity and only log issues found

Use -t/--timeout <value> to specify the socket timeout. The value should be high enough to conclude that the socket is hanging, but low enough to speed up testing (default: 5)

Use --no-color to suppress the output color codes printed to stdout (logs by default don't include color codes)

Use -c/--configfile <configfile> to specify your smuggler mutation configuration file (default: default.py)

Config Files

Configuration files are python files that exist in the ./config directory of smuggler. These files describe the content of the HTTP requests and the transfer-encoding mutations to test.

Here is example content of default.py:

def render_template(gadget):
	RN = "\r\n"
	p = Payload()
	p.header  = "__METHOD__ __ENDPOINT__?cb=__RANDOM__ HTTP/1.1" + RN
	# p.header += "Transfer-Encoding: chunked" +RN	
	p.header += gadget + RN
	p.header += "Host: __HOST__" + RN
	p.header += "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.87 Safari/537.36" + RN
	p.header += "Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8" + RN
	p.header += "Content-Length: __REPLACE_CL__" + RN
	return p


mutations["nameprefix1"] = render_template(" Transfer-Encoding: chunked")
mutations["tabprefix1"] = render_template("Transfer-Encoding:\tchunked")
mutations["tabprefix2"] = render_template("Transfer-Encoding\t:\tchunked")
mutations["space1"] = render_template("Transfer-Encoding : chunked")

for i in [0x1,0x4,0x8,0x9,0xa,0xb,0xc,0xd,0x1F,0x20,0x7f,0xA0,0xFF]:
	mutations["midspace-%   02x"%i] = render_template("Transfer-Encoding:%cchunked"%(i))
	mutations["postspace-%02x"%i] = render_template("Transfer-Encoding%c: chunked"%(i))
	mutations["prespace-%02x"%i] = render_template("%cTransfer-Encoding: chunked"%(i))
	mutations["endspace-%02x"%i] = render_template("Transfer-Encoding: chunked%c"%(i))
	mutations["xprespace-%02x"%i] = render_template("X: X%cTransfer-Encoding: chunked"%(i))
	mutations["endspacex-%02x"%i] = render_template("Transfer-Encoding: chunked%cX: X"%(i))
	mutations["rxprespace-%02x"%i] = render_template("X: X\r%cTransfer-Encoding: chunked"%(i))
	mutations["xnprespace-%02x"%i] = render_template("X: X%c\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked"%(i))
	mutations["endspacerx-%02x"%i] = render_template("Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r%cX: X"%(i))
	mutations["endspacexn-%02x"%i] = render_template("Transfer-Encoding: chunked%c\nX: X"%(i))

There are no input arguments yet on specifying your own customer headers and user-agents. It is recommended to create your own configuration file based on default.py and modify it to your liking.

Smuggler comes with 3 configuration files: default.py (fast), doubles.py (niche, slow), exhaustive.py (very slow) default.py is the fastest because it contains less mutations.

specify configuration files using the -c/--configfile <configfile> command line option

Payloads Directory

Inside the Smuggler directory is the payloads directory. When Smuggler finds a potential CLTE or TECL desync issue, it will automatically dump a binary txt file of the problematic payload in the payloads directory. All payload filenames are annotated with the hostname, desync type and mutation type. Use these payloads to netcat directly to the server or to import into other analysis tools.

Helper Scripts

After you find a desync issue feel free to use my Turbo Intruder desync scripts found Here: https://github.com/defparam/tiscripts DesyncAttack_CLTE.py and DesyncAttack_TECL.py are great scripts to help stage a desync attack

License

These scripts are released under the MIT license. See LICENSE.

Download Smuggler

Related news

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Read also;- How To Hack and Track any Phone

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Requirements:

Rooted Android Phone
Xposed Framework installed on your phone.
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Unknown Source enabled (You might be knowing it)

How to Automatically Translate Any Android App into Any Language

Download the module called as All Trans from here: Download

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Final Words:

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Menu

31 May 2023

Smuggler - An HTTP Request Smuggling / Desync Testing Tool

Related news

How To Automatically Translate Any Android App Into Any Language

Automatically Translate Any Android App into Any Language

Requirements:

Final Words:

This is the best and easy way to Automatically Translate Any Android App into Any Language. I hope you love this article.Share this article with your friends and keep visiting for more tips and tricks like this and I will meet you in the next one.

Stay Updated Tune IemHacker

Read more

5 Free Online Courses To Learn Artificial Intelligence

Here are the 5 free e-learning courses on Artificial Intelligence

1. UC Berkeley CS188 Intro to AI

2. Artificial Intelligence: Principles and Techniques

3. Learn with GOOGLE AI

4. MIT 6.S094: Deep Learning for Self-Driving Cars

5. Fundamentals of Deep Learning for Computer Vision

Related news

Menu

31 May 2023

Smuggler - An HTTP Request Smuggling / Desync Testing Tool

Related news

How To Automatically Translate Any Android App Into Any Language

Automatically Translate Any Android App into Any Language

Requirements:

Final Words:

This is the best and easy way to Automatically Translate Any Android App into Any Language. I hope you love this article.Share this article with your friends and keep visiting for more tips and tricks like this and I will meet you in the next one. Stay Updated Tune IemHacker

Read more

5 Free Online Courses To Learn Artificial Intelligence

Here are the 5 free e-learning courses on Artificial Intelligence

1. UC Berkeley CS188 Intro to AI

2. Artificial Intelligence: Principles and Techniques

3. Learn with GOOGLE AI

4. MIT 6.S094: Deep Learning for Self-Driving Cars

5. Fundamentals of Deep Learning for Computer Vision

Related news

This is the best and easy way to Automatically Translate Any Android App into Any Language. I hope you love this article.Share this article with your friends and keep visiting for more tips and tricks like this and I will meet you in the next one.

Stay Updated Tune IemHacker